Protective Effect of Aerial Parts of Portulaca oleracea and Ficus carica Leaves Against Diclofenac-Sodium Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Mohamed Abd El-Ghany El-Sayed,
Omayma El-Sayed Shaltot,
Mokhtar Ibrahim Yousef,
Entisar Abd El-Mohsen El-Difrawy
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
1-7
Received:
11 March 2019
Accepted:
26 April 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: The present experiment is aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of purslane (PuE) and fig leaves (FlE) extracts on diclofenac-sodium (DS) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Adult male rats were pretreated orally with PuE and FlE extracts at a dose of 10ml/kg and 200mg/kg body weight, respectively for 14 days. Co-treatment of DS 16mg/kg body weight was given orally for 7days. The present results demonstrated that the treatment with PuE and FlE combination with DS induced a marked improvement in the studied parameters. Data indicated that there were no significant differences in relative liver weight (RLW) and relative kidney weight (RKW) in group treated with PuE and FlE and /or their combination as compared to control. Plasma liver enzyme activities as well as bilirubin levels were increased in the groups receiving diclofenac only or in combination as compared with control group. However, the administration of PuE and FlE ameliorated DS induced hepatotoxicity by improving antioxidant status, decreasing inflammation, lowering TBARS and weakening the adverse effect of diclofenac on hepatic tissues. Liver injury was confirmed by the histological changes. Taken together, the present study concluded that enhancement of antioxidants and promising activity against diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicity may a result for the effect of PuE and FlE.
Abstract: The present experiment is aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of purslane (PuE) and fig leaves (FlE) extracts on diclofenac-sodium (DS) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Adult male rats were pretreated orally with PuE and FlE extracts at a dose of 10ml/kg and 200mg/kg body weight, respectively for 14 days. Co-treatment of DS 16mg/kg body w...
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Socio-Economic Differences in Early Initiation of Breastfeeding Among Children in a Ugandan Cross-Sectional Study
Ratib Mawa,
Caroline Kambugu Nabasirye,
Margaret Chota,
Stephen Lawoko,
Tracy Leigh Schumacher,
Krishna Nand Sharma
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
8-15
Received:
28 March 2019
Accepted:
5 May 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: Early initiation of breastfeeding reduces neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality, enhances mother-infant dyad bonding and maternal optimal breastfeeding practices. Studies on socio-economic inequalities in early initiation of breastfeeding are sparse in Uganda. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between socio-economic status and early initiation of breastfeeding among 5504 children aged 0-23 months in a country-wide population based cross-sectional study. Early initiation of breastfeeding defined as initiation of breastfeeding within an hour of birth was the outcome of interest. Proxy measures of socio-economic status (maternal occupation and household wealth index) were the exposure variable of interest. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the distribution of the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding by infant-mother dyad characteristics. Multivariate binary logistic regression models adjusted for relevant confounders were fitted to examine the association between socio-economic status and early initiation of breastfeeding. The results showed an overall prevalence early initiation of breastfeeding of 67.8% among Ugandan children. Children whose mothers self-reported their occupation as farmers and skilled manual workers had lower odds of early initiation of breastfeeding compared to those whose mothers were doing professional/technical/managerial work; OR: 0.69 (0.51 - 0.95) and 0.70 (0.49 - 0.99) respectively. On the other hand, children that lived in the poorest and poorer households had lower odds of early initiation of breastfeeding OR: 0.46 (0.32-0.67) and 0.64 (0.43-0.94) respectively. In conclusion, we found individual and household socio-economic inequality in EIB among children less than two years of age. Targeting interventions for promotion of EIB to less affluent mother-child dyads and households might be important in increasing optimal breastfeeding practices.
Abstract: Early initiation of breastfeeding reduces neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality, enhances mother-infant dyad bonding and maternal optimal breastfeeding practices. Studies on socio-economic inequalities in early initiation of breastfeeding are sparse in Uganda. This study therefore aimed to examine the association between socio-economic stat...
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Socio-Economic Status and Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Infants in a Ugandan Cross-Sectional Study
Ratib Mawa,
Caroline Kambugu Nabasirye,
James Mulira,
Catherine Nakidde,
Frank Kalyango,
Dolorence Mary Angulo Alaki Wakida,
Margaret Chota,
Tracy Leigh Schumacher,
Stephen Lawoko,
Krishna Nand Sharma
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
16-24
Received:
28 March 2019
Accepted:
5 May 2019
Published:
3 June 2019
Abstract: Nation-wide population based studies on socio-economic inequality in exclusive breastfeeding among infants is scarce in Uganda. This study examined the socio-economic inequality in exclusive breastfeeding among 1424 infants below 6 months of age in a nation-wide population based cross-sectional study. Self-reported maternal exclusive breastfeeding practice in the first six months of their last born baby`s life was the outcome of interest. Household wealth index and maternal occupation constituted the proxy measures of socio-economic status, the exposure variable of interest. The distribution of exclusive breastfeeding practice by infant-mother dyad characteristics was calculated by conducting bivariate analysis. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were then fitted to calculate the odds ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals for exclusive breastfeeding by maternal occupation and household wealth index. The results showed that half of the infants were boys, close to half of their mothers were farmers, and 23% and 16.9% of the infants lived in the poorest and richest households respectively. Overall 67% of the infants were exclusively breastfed. The odds ratios for exclusive breastfeeding by maternal occupation were 0.62 (0.26-1.50) for infants whose mothers were professionals/technical/managers, 0.97(0.50-1.87) for clerical/sales, 0.78 (0.51-1.21), for Farmers, 0.72 (0.29-1.82) for Household/Domestic/Services, 0.72 (0.39-1.36) for skilled manual workers and 0.72 (0.25-2.02) for unskilled manual workers compared to infants of non-working mothers. The odds ratios for exclusive breastfeeding by household wealth index were 2.38 (1.30-4.33), for the poorest, 2.16 (1.18-3.96) poorer, 1.91 (1.10-3.48) middle, and 1.41 (0.75-2.64), for richer households compared to infants in the richest households. In conclusion, an inverse relationship was found between household socio-economic status and exclusive breastfeeding among infants below six months of age and inadequate evidence to conclude existence of an association between maternal socio-economic status and exclusive breastfeeding. Targeting exclusive breastfeeding interventions to mother-infant dyad living in affluent families might be important in reducing socio-economic inequality in exclusive breastfeeding among infants below six months of age in Uganda.
Abstract: Nation-wide population based studies on socio-economic inequality in exclusive breastfeeding among infants is scarce in Uganda. This study examined the socio-economic inequality in exclusive breastfeeding among 1424 infants below 6 months of age in a nation-wide population based cross-sectional study. Self-reported maternal exclusive breastfeeding ...
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